Cameroun: 168 tonnes de déchets collectés en moyenne à Ngaoundéré
Par Joseph MBENG BOUM
La société en charge de l’hygiène et de salubrité peine à optimiser ses interventions. Un appel est lancé aux collectivités territoriales décentralisées (CTD) d’aménager au mieux les quartiers afin de permettre un meilleur ramassage des ordures ménagères.
Installée dans la ville de Ngaoundéré en 2008, l’entreprise ramasse quotidiennement 168 tonnes en moyenne dans cette ville. Des résultats sous-estimés du fait du manque d’aménagement de la ville qui ne facilite pas l’accès aux camions de l’entreprise. Les quartiers périphériques de la ville et les nouveaux quartiers non lotis sont les plus mal desservis en matière de ramassage d’ordures ménagères.
Pour beaucoup, les collectivités territoriales décentralisées doivent revoir leur système de fonctionnement afin de mettre à la disposition des acquéreurs des espaces viabilisés. Ce qui aura pour corolaire la réduction de la destruction de l’environnement par les ordures générées par les ménages. « Je dirai que les élus locaux, notamment les maires ont beaucoup laissé les choses se détériorer sinon comment comprendre que les maires laissent des personnes s’installer sur des drains. C’est vrai que ce sont les électeurs, mais il faut de temps en temps sanctionner pour un bien commun » commente Parfait Taïwé, acteur de la société civile.
Au sein de l’entreprise Hysacam, le comportement de la population est à déplorer. De nombreuses personnes dans la ville de Ngaoundéré considèrent l’assainissement de l’environnement comme une affaire d’une partie des habitants. La journée de propreté, le jeudi comme une affaire d’une certaine catégorie, des laissés pour compte. « On a des commerçants qui ne veulent faire aucun effort, quelqu’un finit de nettoyer la boutique, il balance les ordures sur la chaussée. C’est le travail de Hysacam. On a ces problèmes d’incivisme, les populations qui ne respectent rien, qui décident de déverser les ordures n’importe où. La destruction de notre matériel, une femme finit de faire la braise de poisson, ou elle finit de faire ses beignets, elle déverse les braises dans les bacs. Que ce soit le bac métallique ou plastique. Le bac plastique va se brûler sur place et l’affaire est classée » déplore Etoumbé Yannick Charly, du service de la communauté urbaine au sein de Hysacam Ngaoundéré.
Dans ces tonnes d’ordures et des déchets ménagers collectés quotidiennement, la commune d’arrondissement de Ngaoundéré 2ème occupe le haut du pavé avec près de 55% des déchets, soit près de 92 tonnes journalières. Ce qui appelle plus d’actions de la part de l’exécutif communal à mettre en place un mécanisme de collecte d’ordure dans cette partie de la ville. Ce qui participe de la préservation et de la protection de l’environnement.
La valorisation des déchets au Cameroun
Actuellement, tous les déchets ménagers collectés au Cameroun sont envoyés dans des centres d’enfouissement. La seule industrie de recyclage existante porte sur des produits comme le fer, les bouteilles, qui sont récupérés par des “chiffonniers” en amont de la collecte. Les métaux sont revendus à des industries principalement chinoises et indiennes. La généralisation du recyclage se heurte à la composition des déchets, très faiblement valorisables, à l’exception des matières biodégradables (60 % du volume), qui pourraient être transformées en amendement organique. Mais la concurrence des engrais chimiques est aujourd’hui trop présente. Seules une taxation et une limitation de leur usage, accompagnées d’une large sensibilisation sur leurs effets néfastes pour les sols permettraient l’essor de la filière compost. La valorisation industrielle des autres matériaux serait difficilement rentable. Cependant, l’évolution des coûts des matières premières tend à rendre le tri de plus en plus intéressant économiquement.
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