Vacances : Les enfants dans les rues de Yaoundé
Les enfants âgés de 06 à 15 ans arpentent les rues de la cité capitale avec des marchandises sur la tête, exposés à tout type de dangers. Cceux-ci sont souvent abusés (menaces, viol, arnaque) par certains individus sans foi ni loi.
Depuis le début du mois de juin, des élèves du primaire et du secondaire sont en vacances scolaires ; la ville de Yaoundé est bondée d’enfants vendeurs à la sauvette, avec des plateaux sur la tête proposant des marchandises, sous le regard admiratif des parents, souvent propulseur de ces initiatives. Boris , 07 ans habitant le quartier odza est depuis le mois de juin commerçant ; le gamin vend des fruits dans le quartier et environs : « c’est ma mère qui m’a envoyé vendre, je sors le matin très tôt et je rentre le soir ; l’argent là , elle garde », des cas comme celui de Boris il y en a profusion que vous soyez a la poste centrale , a Nlongkak, Mendong, Efoulan, des enfants de très jeune âge déambulent avec des plateaux chargés soient d’arachides, mangues, des plantains-prunes, oranges, condiments etc. Ces petites activités qui ont pour but de créer des économies aux petits commerçants, qui aideront dans la préparation de la prochaine rentrée scolaire. Ceux-ci font face à des dangers au quotidien (arnaque, viol, menaces).
Face à ce phénomène qui prend de plus en plus de l’ampleur, le gouvernement de la République du Cameroun a initié en 2011, avec l’appui des partenaires sociaux, du Bureau International du Travail (BIT) et d’autres partenaires concernés, la formulation d’un Plan d’Action National pour l’élimination du travail des enfants (PANETEC). Processus de consultation nationale conduit par le Ministère du Travail et de la Sécurité Sociale, des partenaires sociaux, de la société civile et des partenaires au développement. Le processus de développement du PANETEC a pris en compte, entre autres, les orientations de la Feuille de Route définie en Mai 2010 par la Conférence Mondiale de la Haye sur le Travail des enfants et adoptée par le Conseil d’administration de l’OIT de Novembre 2010. Il a principalement impliqué quatre catégories d’acteurs : les services gouvernementaux concernés, les partenaires sociaux (organisations d’employeurs et de travailleurs), les ONG et autres organisations de la société civile et les partenaires extérieurs au développement. Pour l’Organisation internationale du travail (OIT), Le travail infantile fait référence à des travaux dangereux pour la santé et le développement physique, social ou mental des enfants ; qui compromettent leur éducation ; qui les privent de toute scolarisation ; qui les contraignent à abandonner prématurément l’école ; qui les obligent à accumuler des activités scolaires et professionnelles excessivement longues et trop pénibles pour eux.
La loi sur le travail des enfants
Pour rappel, Le Code du travail dispose qu’aucun enfant ne doit être employé dans une entreprise, même comme apprenti, avant l’âge de 14 (quatorze) ans, sauf dérogation expresse accordée par arrêté du ministre chargé du Travail, compte tenu des circonstances locales et des tâches qui peuvent leur être demandées. Les jeunes de moins de dix-huit (18) ans ne peuvent en aucun cas être employés à bord d’un navire en tant que soutiers ou de chauffeurs, et lorsque des enfants et des jeunes gens de moins de 18 ans doivent être embarqués sur des navires autres que ceux sur lesquels seuls des membres d’une même famille sont employés, ils feront l’objet d’un examen médical visant à vérifier leur aptitude au travail à bord d’un navire et un certificat médical attestant l’aptitude à exercer ce travail sera signé par un médecin agréé. Un arrêté du ministre chargé du Travail fixe la nature des travaux et les catégories d’entreprises interdites aux jeunes gens et l’âge limite auquel s’applique l’interdiction. Toutefois, ledit arrêté n’a pas pu être trouvé. En vertu de la Constitution, l’Etat assure à l’enfant le droit à l’éducation. L’enseignement primaire est obligatoire et l’âge de la scolarité obligatoire est de 11 ans.
Lyse Davina Nguili (Stg)
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